linux³£ÓÃÃüÁÏê½â£©
Ò»¡¢ÈÕ³£Ê¹ÓÃÃüÁî/³£Óÿì½Ý¼üÃüÁî ¿ª¹Ø»úÃüÁî         1¡¢shutdown ¨Ch now£ºÁ¢¿Ì½øÐйػú
        2¡¢shutdown ¨Cr now£ºÏÖÔÚÖØÐÂÆô¶¯¼ÆËã»ú
        3¡¢reboot£ºÏÖÔÚÖØÐÂÆô¶¯¼ÆËã»ú
        4¡¢su -£ºÇл»Óû§£»passwd£ºÐÞ¸ÄÓû§ÃÜÂë
        5¡¢logout£ºÓû§×¢Ïú
³£Óÿì½ÝÃüÁî         1¡¢tab = ²¹È«
        2¡¢ctrl + l -£ºÇåÆÁ£¬ÀàËÆclearÃüÁî
        3¡¢ctrl + r -£º²éÕÒÀúÊ·ÃüÁhistory£©£»ctrl+c = ÖÕÖ¹
        4¡¢ctrl+k = ɾ³ý´Ë´¦ÖÁĩβËùÓÐÄÚÈÝ
        5¡¢ctrl+u = ɾ³ý´Ë´¦ÖÁ¿ªÊ¼ËùÓÐÄÚÈÝ
³£Óù¤¾ßÃüÁî man:°ïÖúÃüÁî     wc:Îı¾Í³¼Æͳ¼Æ         wordcount          3      5         29         a.txt          ÐÐÊý    µ¥´ÊÊý    ×Ö·ûÊý    ÎļþÃû         ³£¼û²ÎÊý£º             -l£ºÖ»²é¿´ÐÐÊý             -w: Ö»²é¿´µ¥´ÊÊý             -c£ºÖ»²é¿´×Ö·ûÊý     du:Îļþ´óСͳ¼Æ         ¸ñʽ£ºdu [Ñ¡Ïî²ÎÊý] dir_path         ³£¼û²ÎÊý£º                 -s:ֻͳ¼Æ¸ÃÎļþĿ¼µÄ´óС£¬²»µÝ¹é                 -h:ÈËÐÔ»¯µÄÏÔʾµ¥Î»     find:Îļþ¼ìË÷ÃüÁî Óï·¨   find   path   -option   [   -print ]   [ -exec   -ok   command ]   {} \   ²ÎÊý˵Ã÷ :   find ¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁйæÔòÅÐ¶Ï path ºÍ expression£¬ÔÚÃüÁîÁÐÉϵÚÒ»¸ö - ( ) , ! ֮ǰµÄ²¿·ÝΪ path£¬Ö®ºóµÄÊÇ expression¡£Èç¹û path ÊÇ¿Õ×Ö´®ÔòʹÓÃĿǰ·¾¶£¬Èç¹û expression ÊÇ¿Õ×Ö´®ÔòʹÓà -print ΪԤÉè expression¡£   expression ÖпÉʹÓõÄÑ¡ÏîÓжþÈýÊ®¸öÖ®¶à£¬ÔÚ´ËÖ»½éÉÜ×î³£ÓõIJ¿·Ý¡£   -mount, -xdev : Ö»¼ì²éºÍÖ¸¶¨Ä¿Â¼ÔÚͬһ¸öÎļþϵͳϵÄÎļþ£¬±ÜÃâÁгöÆäËüÎļþϵͳÖеÄÎļþ   -amin n : ÔÚ¹ýÈ¥ n ·ÖÖÓÄÚ±»¶ÁÈ¡¹ý   -anewer file : ±ÈÎļþ file ¸üÍí±»¶ÁÈ¡¹ýµÄÎļþ   -atime n : ÔÚ¹ýÈ¥nÌìÄÚ±»¶ÁÈ¡¹ýµÄÎļþ   -cmin n : ÔÚ¹ýÈ¥ n ·ÖÖÓÄÚ±»Ð޸Ĺý   -cnewer file :±ÈÎļþ file ¸üеÄÎļþ   -ctime n : ÔÚ¹ýÈ¥nÌìÄÚ±»Ð޸ĹýµÄÎļþ   -empty : ¿ÕµÄÎļþ-gid n or -group name : gid ÊÇ n »òÊÇ group Ãû³ÆÊÇ name   -ipath p, -path p : ·¾¶Ãû³Æ·ûºÏ p µÄÎļþ£¬ipath »áºöÂÔ´óСд   -name name, -iname name : ÎļþÃû³Æ·ûºÏ name µÄÎļþ¡£iname »áºöÂÔ´óСд   -size n : Îļþ´óС ÊÇ n µ¥Î»£¬b ´ú±í 512 λԪ×éµÄÇø¿é£¬c ±íʾ×ÖÔªÊý£¬k ±íʾ kilo bytes£¬w ÊǶþ¸öλԪ×é¡£-type c : ÎļþÀàÐÍÊÇ c µÄÎļþ¡£   d: Ŀ¼   c: ×ÖÐÍ×°ÖÃÎļþ   b: Çø¿é×°ÖÃÎļþ   p: ¾ßÃûÖüÁÐ   f: Ò»°ãÎļþ   l: ·ûºÅÁ¬½á   s: socket   -pid n : process id ÊÇ n µÄÎļþ   Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà ( ) ½«ÔËËãʽ·Ö¸ô£¬²¢Ê¹ÓÃÏÂÁÐÔËËã¡£   exp1 -and exp2   ! expr   -not expr   exp1 -or exp2   exp1, exp2 ʵÀý   ½«Ä¿Ç°Ä¿Â¼¼°Æä×ÓĿ¼ÏÂËùÓÐÑÓÉìµµÃûÊÇ c µÄÎļþÁгöÀ´¡£   # find . -name "*.c"   ½«Ä¿Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÆäÆäÏÂ×ÓĿ¼ÖÐËùÓÐÒ»°ãÎļþÁгö   # find . -type f   ½«Ä¿Ç°Ä¿Â¼¼°Æä×ÓĿ¼ÏÂËùÓÐ×î½ü 20 ÌìÄÚ¸üйýµÄÎļþÁгö   # find . -ctime -20   ²éÕÒ/var/logĿ¼Öиü¸Äʱ¼äÔÚ7ÈÕÒÔÇ°µÄÆÕͨÎļþ£¬²¢ÔÚɾ³ý֮ǰѯÎÊËüÃÇ£º   # find /var/log -type f -mtime +7 -ok rm {} \   ²éÕÒǰĿ¼ÖÐÎļþÊôÖ÷¾ßÓжÁ¡¢Ð´È¨ÏÞ£¬²¢ÇÒÎļþËùÊô×éµÄÓû§ºÍÆäËûÓû§¾ßÓжÁȨÏÞµÄÎļþ£º   # find . -type f -perm 644 -exec ls -l {} \   ΪÁ˲éÕÒϵͳÖÐËùÓÐÎļþ³¤¶ÈΪ0µÄÆÕͨÎļþ£¬²¢ÁгöËüÃǵÄÍêÕû·¾¶£º   # find / -type f -size 0 -exec ls -l {} \
¶þ¡¢³£ÓÃĿ¼/Îļþ²Ù×÷ÃüÁî 1.չʾĿ¼ÁбíÃüÁîls£¨list£©   ls             չʾµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏµĿɼûÎļþ   ls -a         չʾµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏÂËùÓеÄÎļþ£¨°üÀ¨Òþ²ØµÄÎļþ£©   ls -l(ll)      չʾµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÎļþµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢   ll -a          չʾµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏÂËùÓÐÎļþµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢   ll -h          ÓѺõÄÏÔʾµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÎļþµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢£¨Æäʵ¾ÍÊÇÎļþµÄ´óС¿É¶ÁÐÔ¸üÇ¿ÁË£©
  pwd£ºÏÔʾĿǰµÄĿ¼
2.Çл»Ä¿Â¼ÃüÁîcd£¨change directory£©   cd test         Çл»µ½testĿ¼Ï   cd .. Çл»µ½ÉÏÒ»¼¶Ä¿Â¼   cd / Çл»µ½ÏµÍ³¸ùĿ¼Ï   cd ~ Çл»µ½µ±Ç°Óû§µÄ¸ùĿ¼Ï   cd - Çл»µ½ÉÏÒ»¼¶ËùÔÚµÄĿ¼
3.Ŀ¼µÄ´´½¨£¨mkdir£©ºÍɾ³ý£¨rmdir£©ÃüÁî   mkdir test ÔÚµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï´´½¨Ò»¸ötestĿ¼   mkdir -p test/a/b ÔÚtestĿ¼ÏµÄaĿ¼Ï´´½¨Ò»¸öbĿ¼£¬Èç¹ûÉÏÒ»¼¶Ä¿Â¼²»´æÔÚ£¬ÔòÁ¬ËüµÄ¸¸Ä¿Â¼Ò»Æð´´½¨   rmdir test ɾ³ýµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÏµÄtestĿ¼£¨×¢Ò⣺¸ÃÃüÁîÖ»Äܹ»É¾³ý¿ÕĿ¼£©
4.ÎļþµÄ´´½¨£¨touch£©ºÍɾ³ý£¨rm£©ÃüÁî   touch test.txt         ÔÚµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï´´½¨Ò»¸ötest.txtµÄÎļþ   rm test.txt ɾ³ýtest.txtµÄÎļþ£¨´øѯÎʵÄɾ³ý£¬ÐèÊäÈëy²ÅÄÜɾ³ý£©   rm -f test.txt Ö±½Óɾ³ýtext.txtÎļþ   rm -r test µÝ¹éɾ³ý£¬¼´É¾³ýtestĿ¼ÒÔ¼°ÆäĿ¼ÏµÄ×ÓĿ¼£¨´øѯÎʵÄɾ³ý£©   rm -rf test Ö±½Óɾ³ýtestĿ¼ÒÔ¼°ÆäĿ¼ÏµÄ×ÓĿ¼
5.Îļþ´ò°ü»ò½âѹÃüÁîtar ´ò°ü²¢Ñ¹ËõÎļþ LinuxÖеĴò°üÎļþÒ»°ãÊÇÒÔ.tar½áβµÄ£¬Ñ¹ËõµÄÃüÁîÒ»°ãÊÇÒÔ.gz½áβµÄ¡£ ¶øÒ»°ãÇé¿öÏ´ò°üºÍѹËõÊÇÒ»Æð½øÐеģ¬´ò°ü²¢Ñ¹ËõºóµÄÎļþµÄºó׺ÃûÒ»°ã.tar.gz¡£ ÃüÁtar -zcvf ´ò°üѹËõºóµÄÎļþÃû Òª´ò°üѹËõµÄÎļþ ÆäÖУºz£ºµ÷ÓÃgzipѹËõÃüÁî½øÐÐѹËõ   c£º´ò°üÎļþ   v£ºÏÔʾÔËÐйý³Ì   f£ºÖ¸¶¨ÎļþÃû ʾÀý£º´ò°ü²¢Ñ¹Ëõ/testϵÄËùÓÐÎļþ ѹËõºóµÄѹËõ°üÖ¸¶¨Ãû³ÆΪxxx.tar.gz tar -zcvf xxx.tar.gz aaa.txt bbb.txt ccc.txt »ò£ºtar -zcvf xxx.tar.gz /test/*
½âѹѹËõ°ü£¨Öص㣩 ÃüÁtar [-xvf] ѹËõÎļþ ÆäÖУºx£º´ú±í½âѹ ʾÀý£º½«/testϵÄxxx.tar.gz½âѹµ½µ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï tar -xvf xxx.tar.gz ʾÀý£º½«/testϵÄxxx.tar.gz½âѹµ½¸ùĿ¼/usrÏ tar -xvf xxx.tar.gz -C /usrC´ú±íÖ¸¶¨½âѹµÄλÖÃ
LinuxµÄȨÏÞÃüÁî ȨÏÞÊÇLinuxÖеÄÖØÒª¸ÅÄÿ¸öÎļþ/Ŀ¼µÈ¶¼¾ßÓÐȨÏÞ£¬Í¨¹ýls -lÃüÁîÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ ²é¿´Ä³¸öĿ¼ÏµÄÎļþ»òĿ¼µÄȨÏÞ
ÎļþµÄÀàÐÍ£º d£º´ú±íĿ¼ -£º´ú±íÎļþ l£º´ú±íÁ´½Ó£¨¿ÉÒÔÈÏΪÊÇwindowÖеĿì½Ý·½Ê½£© ºóÃæµÄ9λ·ÖΪ3×飬ÿ3λÖÃÒ»×飬·Ö±ð´ú±íÊôÖ÷µÄȨÏÞ£¬Ó뵱ǰÓû§Í¬×éµÄ     Óû§µÄȨÏÞ£¬ÆäËûÓû§µÄȨÏÞ r£º´ú±íȨÏÞÊǿɶÁ£¬rÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃÊý×Ö4±íʾ w£º´ú±íȨÏÞÊÇ¿Éд£¬wÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃÊý×Ö2±íʾ x£º´ú±íȨÏÞÊÇ¿ÉÖ´ÐУ¬xÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃÊý×Ö1±íʾ
ÊôÖ÷£¨user£©¡¡Êô×飨group£©¡¡ÆäËûÓû§ r¡¡w¡¡x¡¡¡¡¡¡r¡¡w¡¡x ¡¡¡¡r¡¡w¡¡x 4¡¡2¡¡1¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡¡2¡¡1¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡  4¡¡2¡¡1
linuxÖÐÓû§µÄ·ÖÀà         СÀî     СÀî¶ÔÏó    ÀÏÍõ         ËùÓÐÕßu    ͬ×éÓû§g    ÆäËûÈËo     linuxÖÐÎļþȨÏÞ         ¶Ár        дw        Ö´ÐÐx    ûÓÐȨÏÞ-             ÎļþÏêÇéÐÅÏ¢£º         -rw-rr. 1 root root       5 Aug 28 02:27 a.txt            d rwx r-x r-x. 2 root root    4096 Aug 27 08:52 test         µÚһλ£ºd:Ŀ¼£¬-£ºÎļþ         rw-                r                r         ËùÓÐÕß           ͬ×éÓû§        ÆäËûÈË         Ö»ÓжÁд          Ö»ÓжÁ            Ö»ÓжÁ             1£º¸ÃÎļþµÄÁ´½ÓÊý     root£ºÎļþËùÊôÕß     root£ºÎļþËùÊô×é      5 Aug 28 02:27£º×îºóµÄÐÞ¸Äʱ¼ä
ÐÞ¸ÄÎļþ/Ŀ¼µÄȨÏÞµÄÃüÁchmod ʾÀý£ºÐÞ¸Ä/testϵÄaaa.txtµÄȨÏÞΪÊôÖ÷ÓÐÈ«²¿È¨ÏÞ£¬ÊôÖ÷ËùÔÚµÄ×éÓжÁдȨÏÞ£¬ ÆäËûÓû§Ö»ÓжÁµÄȨÏÞ chmod u=rwx,g=rw,o=r aaa.txt
ÉÏÊöʾÀý»¹¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÊý×Ö±íʾ£º chmod 764 aaa.txt
ÐÞ¸ÄÎļþµÄËùÊôÓû§ºÍËùÊô×é chown         chown username:groupName aa.txt         chown username: aa.txt         chown :groupName aa.txt             -R£ºµÝ¹é×ÓĿ¼ÐÞ¸ÄËùÊôÕߺÍËùÊô×é
Èý¡¢Îļþ/Îļþ¼ÐµÄcp rm¼°ÎļþµÄ²é¿´ cp (¸´ÖÆÎļþ»òĿ¼) cp ¼´¿½±´ÎļþºÍĿ¼¡£
Óï·¨:
[root@www ~]# cp [-adfilprsu] À´Ô´µµ(source) Ä¿±êµµ(destination) [root@www ~]# cp [options] source1 source2 source3 .... directory Ñ¡ÏîÓë²ÎÊý£º
-a£ºÏàµ±ì¶ -pdr µÄÒâ˼£¬ÖÁì¶ pdr Çë²Î¿¼ÏÂÁÐ˵Ã÷£»(³£ÓÃ)
-d£ºÈôÀ´Ô´µµÎªÁ¬½áµµµÄÊôÐÔ(link file)£¬Ôò¸´ÖÆÁ¬½áµµÊôÐÔ¶ø·ÇÎļþ±¾Éí£»
-f£ºÎªÇ¿ÖÆ(force)µÄÒâ˼£¬ÈôÄ¿±êÎļþÒѾ´æÔÚÇÒÎÞ·¨¿ªÆô£¬ÔòÒƳýºóÔÙ³¢ÊÔÒ»´Î£»
-i£ºÈôÄ¿±êµµ(destination)ÒѾ´æÔÚʱ£¬ÔÚ¸²¸Çʱ»áÏÈѯÎʶ¯×÷µÄ½øÐÐ(³£ÓÃ)
-l£º½øÐÐӲʽÁ¬½á(hard link)µÄÁ¬½áµµ´´½¨£¬¶ø·Ç¸´ÖÆÎļþ±¾Éí£»
-p£ºÁ¬Í¬ÎļþµÄÊôÐÔÒ»Æð¸´ÖƹýÈ¥£¬¶ø·ÇʹÓÃĬÈÏÊôÐÔ(±¸·Ý³£ÓÃ)£»
-r£ºµÝ¹é³ÖÐø¸´ÖÆ£¬ÓÃì¶Ä¿Â¼µÄ¸´ÖÆÐÐΪ£»(³£ÓÃ)
-s£º¸´ÖƳÉΪ·ûºÅÁ¬½áµµ (symbolic link)£¬Ò༴¡º½Ý¾¶¡»Îļþ£»
-u£ºÈô destination ±È source ¾É²ÅÉý¼¶ destination £¡
Óà root Éí·Ý£¬½« root Ŀ¼Ï嵀 .bashrc ¸´ÖƵ½ /tmp Ï£¬²¢ÃüÃûΪ bashrc
[root@www ~]# cp ~/.bashrc /tmp/bashrc [root@www ~]# cp -i ~/.bashrc /tmp/bashrc cp: overwrite `/tmp/bashrc''? n  <==n²»¸²¸Ç£¬yΪ¸²¸Ç rm (ÒƳýÎļþ»òĿ¼) Óï·¨£º
 rm [-fir] Îļþ»òĿ¼ Ñ¡ÏîÓë²ÎÊý£º
-f £º¾ÍÊÇ force µÄÒâ˼£¬ºöÂÔ²»´æÔÚµÄÎļþ£¬²»»á³öÏÖ¾¯¸æÐÅÏ¢£» -i £º»¥¶¯Ä£Ê½£¬ÔÚɾ³ýÇ°»áѯÎÊʹÓÃÕßÊÇ·ñ¶¯×÷ -r £ºµÝ¹éɾ³ý°¡£¡×î³£ÓÃÔÚĿ¼µÄɾ³ýÁË£¡ÕâÊǷdz£Î£ÏÕµÄÑ¡Ï£¡£¡   ½«¸Õ¸ÕÔÚ cp µÄʵÀýÖд´½¨µÄ bashrc ɾ³ýµô£¡
[root@www tmp]# rm -i bashrc rm: remove regular file `bashrc''? y Èç¹û¼ÓÉÏ -i µÄÑ¡Ïî¾Í»áÖ÷¶¯Ñ¯ÎÊร¬±ÜÃâÄãɾ³ýµ½´íÎóµÄµµÃû£¡
mv (Òƶ¯ÎļþÓëĿ¼£¬»òÐÞ¸ÄÃû³Æ) Óï·¨£º
[root@www ~]# mv [-fiu] source destination [root@www ~]# mv [options] source1 source2 source3 .... directory Ñ¡ÏîÓë²ÎÊý£º
-f £ºforce Ç¿ÖƵÄÒâ˼£¬Èç¹ûÄ¿±êÎļþÒѾ´æÔÚ£¬²»»áѯÎʶøÖ±½Ó¸²¸Ç£» -i £ºÈôÄ¿±êÎļþ (destination) ÒѾ´æÔÚʱ£¬¾Í»áѯÎÊÊÇ·ñ¸²¸Ç£¡ -u £ºÈôÄ¿±êÎļþÒѾ´æÔÚ£¬ÇÒ source ±È½ÏУ¬²Å»áÉý¼¶ (update) ¸´ÖÆÒ»Îļþ£¬´´½¨Ò»Ä¿Â¼£¬½«ÎļþÒƶ¯µ½Ä¿Â¼ÖÐ
[root@www ~]# cd /tmp [root@www tmp]# cp ~/.bashrc bashrc [root@www tmp]# mkdir mvtest [root@www tmp]# mv bashrc mvtest ½«Ä³¸öÎļþÒƶ¯µ½Ä³¸öĿ¼ȥ£¬¾ÍÊÇÕâÑù×ö£¡
½«¸Õ¸ÕµÄĿ¼Ãû³Æ¸üÃûΪ mvtest2
[root@www tmp]# mv mvtest mvtest2 Linux ÎļþÄÚÈݲ鿴 LinuxϵͳÖÐʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁîÀ´²é¿´ÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝ£º
cat  ÓɵÚÒ»ÐпªÊ¼ÏÔʾÎļþÄÚÈÝ tac  ´Ó×îºóÒ»ÐпªÊ¼ÏÔʾ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö tac ÊÇ cat µÄµ¹Öøд£¡ nl   ÏÔʾµÄʱºò£¬Ë³µÀÊä³öÐкţ¡ more Ò»Ò³Ò»Ò³µÄÏÔʾÎļþÄÚÈÝ less Óë more ÀàËÆ£¬µ«ÊÇ±È more ¸üºÃµÄÊÇ£¬Ëû¿ÉÒÔÍùÇ°·Ò³£¡ head Ö»¿´Í·¼¸ÐÐ tail Ö»¿´Î²°Í¼¸ÐÐ Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà man [ÃüÁî]À´²é¿´¸÷¸öÃüÁîµÄʹÓÃÎĵµ£¬Èç £ºman cp¡£
cat ÓɵÚÒ»ÐпªÊ¼ÏÔʾÎļþÄÚÈÝ
Óï·¨£º
cat [-AbEnTv] Ñ¡ÏîÓë²ÎÊý£º
-A £ºÏàµ±ì¶ -vET µÄÕûºÏÑ¡Ï¿ÉÁгöһЩÌØÊâ×Ö·û¶ø²»Êǿհ׶øÒÑ£» -b £ºÁгöÐкţ¬½öÕë¶Ô·Ç¿Õ°×ÐÐ×öÐкÅÏÔʾ£¬¿Õ°×Ðв»±êÐкţ¡ -E £º½«½áβµÄ¶ÏÐÐ×Ö½Ú $ ÏÔʾ³öÀ´£» -n £ºÁÐÓ¡³öÐкţ¬Á¬Í¬¿Õ°×ÐÐÒ²»áÓÐÐкţ¬Óë -b µÄÑ¡Ïͬ£» -T £º½« [tab] °´¼üÒÔ ^I ÏÔʾ³öÀ´£» -v £ºÁгöһЩ¿´²»³öÀ´µÄÌØÊâ×Ö·û ¼ì¿´ /etc/issue Õâ¸öÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝ£º
[root@www ~]# cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.4 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m tac tacÓëcatÃüÁî¸ÕºÃÏà·´£¬ÎļþÄÚÈÝ´Ó×îºóÒ»ÐпªÊ¼ÏÔʾ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö tac ÊÇ cat µÄµ¹×Åд£¡È磺
[root@www ~]# tac /etc/issue
Kernel \r on an \m CentOS release 6.4 (Final) nl ÏÔʾÐкÅ
Óï·¨£º
nl [-bnw] Îļþ Ñ¡ÏîÓë²ÎÊý£º
-b £ºÖ¸¶¨ÐкÅÖ¸¶¨µÄ·½Ê½£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÐÁ½ÖÖ£º -b a £º±íʾ²»ÂÛÊÇ·ñΪ¿ÕÐУ¬Ò²Í¬ÑùÁгöÐкÅ(ÀàËÆ cat -n)£» -b t £ºÈç¹ûÓпÕÐУ¬¿ÕµÄÄÇÒ»Ðв»ÒªÁгöÐкÅ(ĬÈÏÖµ)£» -n £ºÁгöÐкűíʾµÄ·½·¨£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÐÈýÖÖ£º -n ln £ºÐкÅÔÚÓ«Ä»µÄ×î×ó·½ÏÔʾ£» -n rn £ºÐкÅÔÚ×Ô¼ºÀ¸Î»µÄ×îÓÒ·½ÏÔʾ£¬ÇÒ²»¼Ó 0 £» -n rz £ºÐкÅÔÚ×Ô¼ºÀ¸Î»µÄ×îÓÒ·½ÏÔʾ£¬ÇÒ¼Ó 0 £» -w £ºÐкÅÀ¸Î»µÄÕ¼ÓõÄλÊý¡£ ʵÀýÒ»£ºÓà nl Áгö /etc/issue µÄÄÚÈÝ
[root@www ~]# nl /etc/issue      1  CentOS release 6.4 (Final)      2  Kernel \r on an \m more Ò»Ò³Ò»Ò³·¶¯
[root@www ~]# more /etc/man.config # # Generated automatically from man.conf.in by the # configure script. # # man.conf from man-1.6d ....(ÖмäÊ¡ÂÔ).... More(28%)  <== ÖصãÔÚÕâÒ»ÐÐร¡ÄãµÄ¹â±êÒ²»áÔÚÕâÀïµÈ´ýÄãµÄÃüÁî ÔÚ more Õâ¸ö³ÌÐòµÄÔËÐйý³ÌÖУ¬ÄãÓм¸¸ö°´¼ü¿ÉÒÔ°´µÄ£º
¿Õ°×¼ü (space)£º´ú±íÏòÏ·һҳ£» Enter         £º´ú±íÏòÏ·¡ºÒ»ÐС»£» /×Ö´®         £º´ú±íÔÚÕâ¸öÏÔʾµÄÄÚÈݵ±ÖУ¬ÏòÏÂËÑÑ°¡º×Ö´®¡»Õâ¸ö¹Ø¼ü×Ö£» :f            £ºÁ¢¿ÌÏÔʾ³öµµÃûÒÔ¼°Ä¿Ç°ÏÔʾµÄÐÐÊý£» q             £º´ú±íÁ¢¿ÌÀ뿪 more £¬²»ÔÙÏÔʾ¸ÃÎļþÄÚÈÝ¡£ b »ò [ctrl]-b £º´ú±íÍù»Ø·Ò³£¬²»¹ýÕ⶯×÷Ö»¶ÔÎļþÓÐÓ㬶ԹÜÏßÎÞÓᣠless Ò»Ò³Ò»Ò³·¶¯£¬ÒÔÏÂʵÀýÊä³ö/etc/man.configÎļþµÄÄÚÈÝ£º
[root@www ~]# less /etc/man.config # # Generated automatically from man.conf.in by the # configure script. # # man.conf from man-1.6d ....(ÖмäÊ¡ÂÔ).... :   <== ÕâÀï¿ÉÒԵȴýÄãÊäÈëÃüÁ lessÔËÐÐʱ¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëµÄÃüÁîÓУº
¿Õ°×¼ü    £ºÏòÏ·¶¯Ò»Ò³£» [pagedown]£ºÏòÏ·¶¯Ò»Ò³£» [pageup]  £ºÏòÉÏ·¶¯Ò»Ò³£» /×Ö´®     £ºÏòÏÂËÑÑ°¡º×Ö´®¡»µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£» ?×Ö´®     £ºÏòÉÏËÑÑ°¡º×Ö´®¡»µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£» n         £ºÖظ´Ç°Ò»¸öËÑÑ° (Óë / »ò ? Óйأ¡) N         £º·´ÏòµÄÖظ´Ç°Ò»¸öËÑÑ° (Óë / »ò ? Óйأ¡) q         £ºÀ뿪 less Õâ¸ö³ÌÐò£» head È¡³öÎļþÇ°Ã漸ÐÐ
Óï·¨£º
head [-n number] Îļþ Ñ¡ÏîÓë²ÎÊý£º
-n £ººóÃæ½ÓÊý×Ö£¬´ú±íÏÔʾ¼¸ÐеÄÒâ˼ [root@www ~]# head /etc/man.config ĬÈϵÄÇé¿öÖУ¬ÏÔʾǰÃæ 10 ÐУ¡ÈôÒªÏÔʾǰ 20 ÐУ¬¾ÍµÃÒªÕâÑù£º
[root@www ~]# head -n 20 /etc/man.config tail È¡³öÎļþºóÃ漸ÐÐ
Óï·¨£º
tail [-n number] Îļþ Ñ¡ÏîÓë²ÎÊý£º
-n £ººóÃæ½ÓÊý×Ö£¬´ú±íÏÔʾ¼¸ÐеÄÒâ˼ -f £º±íʾ³ÖÐøÕì²âºóÃæËù½ÓµÄµµÃû£¬ÒªµÈµ½°´ÏÂ[ctrl]-c²Å»á½áÊøtailµÄÕì²â [root@www ~]# tail /etc/man.config # ĬÈϵÄÇé¿öÖУ¬ÏÔʾ×îºóµÄÊ®ÐУ¡ÈôÒªÏÔʾ×îºóµÄ 20 ÐУ¬¾ÍµÃÒªÕâÑù£º [root@www ~]# tail -n 20 /etc/man.config ϵͳ³£ÓòÙ×÷ÃüÁî visudo:±à¼sudoÃüÁîµÄÅäÖà         ±à¼µÚ98ÐÐ         ## Allow root to run any commands anywhere             root    ALL=(ALL)                               ALL             Óû§Ãû  µÇ¼µÄÖ÷»ú=£¨ÒÔʲôÑùµÄÉí·ÝÔËÐУ©  ¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐʲôÃüÁî         Èç¹ûÏëÈÃhuadianÓû§Ò²¾ÓÓÚrootÏà¹ØȨÏÞ¡£¡£             huadian  ALL=(root)  NOPASSWD:service iptables status             huadian  ALL=(root)  NOPASSWD:service iptables start         ÍƼöÓ÷¨                huadian  ALL=(root)  NOPASSWD:ALL                     ʹÓÃȨÏÞ£ºsudo     service iptables status  £¨¼ì²é·À»ðǽ״̬£© ÍøÂç¹ÜÀí£ºping¡¢ifconfig     ·þÎñ¹ÜÀíÃüÁ         service:±ØÐëÕÆÎÕ             ¸ñʽ£º                 service s_name start|stop|status|restart             linuxϵͳËùÓÐ×Ô´ø·þÎñÃû³Æ£º/etc/init.d/                 ³£Ó㺠                    ¹Ø±Õ·À»ðǽ·þÎñ                     service iptables stop                     ÖØÆôÍøÂç·þÎñ£º                     service network restart                     mysqlÊý¾Ý¿â·þÎñµÄÃû³Æ£º                         mysql°æ±¾µÍÓÚ5.5  mysqld                         mysql°æ±¾¸ßÓÚ5.5  mysql                     chkconfig:ÉèÖÃÊÇ·ñ¿ª»úÆô¶¯           :±ØÐëÕÆÎÕ             Åж¨ÊÇ·ñ¿ª»úÆô¶¯                 chkconfig iptables list                 2.3.4.5ÊÇon±íʾ¿ª»úÆô¶¯             ÉèÖà                 chkconfig iptables on|off                         ½ø³Ì¹ÜÀí£ºps         ps:²éµ±Ç°½ø³Ì             ²é¿´javaµÄ½ø³Ì             ps -ef | grep java         jps:==(ps -ef | grep java) Ö»ÓÐÔÚlinuxÖа²×°ÁËJDK²ÅÄÜÓà         kill :ɱËÀij¸ö½ø³Ì             kill -9 pid                 ¶Ë¿Ú¹ÜÀí         nststat:²é¿´¶Ë¿Ú¿ª·ÅÇé¿ö             -a:±íʾÁоÙËùÓеÄÁ¬½Ó¡¢·þÎñÆ÷¼àÌý             -t:ÁгöËùÓÐtcpÐÒéµÄ·þÎñ             -u:ÁгöËùÓÐudpÐÒéµÄ·þÎñ             -n:ʹÓö˿ںÅÀ´ÏÔʾ             -l:ÁгöËùÓеļàÌý             -p:ÁгöËùÓзþÎñµÄ½ø³Ìid£¨pid£©             ³£Óãºnetstat -atunlp             redhatµÄselinux°²È«»úÖÆ         ¹Ø±Õselinux°²È«»úÖÆ             vim /etc/selinux/config                 SELINUX=disabled             ÖØÆô»úÆ÷ÉúЧ |